IR.VII.C.R2 highlights collision hazards including which categories?

• A. Weather-related hazards and icing.
• B. Aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wildlife.
• C. Radio communication failures.
• D. Magnetic interference.

Answer: (B)

Collision hazards are anything that can bring you into contact with another aircraft or with objects in your flight path. The categories highlighted are aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wildlife. This covers other aircraft in the air, the terrain and man-made structures on the ground that could intrude into your route, and wildlife such as birds around airports or flight corridors. Weather-related hazards and icing affect performance and visibility rather than being their own collision-hazard category, and radio communication failures or magnetic interference are avionics/navigation issues, not types of collision hazards. Understanding these categories helps you maintain safe separation and situational awareness to avoid midair or surface collisions.