Which element best describes how risk mitigation is achieved in aviation risk management?

• A. Perception of hazards only
• B. Probabilities and severities only
• C. Selecting and implementing controls to reduce risk
• D. Ignoring low-probability hazards

Answer: (C)

Risk mitigation in aviation risk management is achieved by selecting and implementing controls to reduce risk. After hazards are identified and the risk is evaluated using how likely the hazard is and how severe the potential consequences could be, you choose and apply actions to lower either the probability, the severity, or both. These controls can be procedural changes, improved training, revised checklists, better equipment or maintenance, or updated flight planning and operational practices. The goal is to bring the residual risk down to an acceptable level. Merely perceiving hazards or relying only on the inputs of probability and severity does not reduce risk, and ignoring low-probability hazards leaves risk unaddressed.